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OVERVIEW

According to the international literature, they account for 5.03% of total fractures, and are usually found on the right side. Shoulder fractures affect all age groups; however, studies have shown that the injury mechanism for women is on the road or at home, while, for men, it is usually the result of high energy. In any event, high risk groups include older women, and the the winter months are considered more “risky”.
Regarding the shoulder region, this injury may be found in the upper portion of the humerus (humeral head), the clavicle, or the scapule. Common symptoms include severe pain, edema (swelling) and bruising, inability to move the limb, crepitus (the feeling that “something is creaking), and deformation.

HUMERAL HEAD FRACTURE

The humerus is the only bone of the arm, and the head, which has a hemispherical shape, in order to “clasp” onto the glenoid cavity of the scapule, and to form the joint, is in its upper portion. Fractures at this specific point are the third most common ones in people over 65 and occur in 5% of the general population.
Conservative shoulder suspension therapy for 4-5 weeks, medication, ice therapy, and physiotherapy are selected for stable and non-displaced fractures. In terms of unstable and displaced fractures, surgery is a one-way option. In fact, the humeral head fracture is particularly demanding, and requires for the surgeon to have excellent knowledge of the anatomy of the area, as well as experience in selecting the most appropriate surgical technique.
Postoperatively, the patient is placed in a personalized recovery program, depending on the severity of the fracture and the type of technique applied. The recovery period can last up to 6-9 months.

CLAVICLE FRACTURE

A clavicle fracture is usually caused by a direct hit, or by a fall with an extended hand, or upon the shoulder itself. It is mainly considered to be a sports injury, and since high energy is required, it is also related to car accidents. Given that it is mainly classified based on its position, it is very important to make a proper diagnosis, in order for the patient to receive the appropriate treatment.
In general, conservative treatment is a preferred option for fractures that do not exhibit a large displacement or shattering. Contrariwise, the patient is brought to the operating room when they have a displaced, open, or comminuted fracture, or a fracture at the distal end of the clavicle, that is likely to affect the acromioclavicular joint. Postoperatively, they can return to their daily activities in no less than 4 weeks.

SCAPULAR FRACTURE

Since the scapule is surrounded by many muscles and is considered a protected and fairly strong bone, fractures in this area are rare, and are usually the result of direct and severe violence. Clinically, it is mainly found in polytraumatized individuals, such as car accident victims.
In individual shoulder fractures, treatment is conservative, with an upper extremity bandaging onto the chest, or suspension for two to three weeks, or surgery, in order for the displaced portions to be restored and stabilized.

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